In 1315, climate change caused heavy rains that destroyed the harvest. Over the next few years, the weather conditions, as well as war, economic strife, and cattle disease caused a famine that killed around 10% of the population of Northern Europe.
Gilles Le Muisit, Tres Tractatus, Bibliotheek Kortrijk, Codex 135, fol. 86v, 86r.
The translation of the Latin has been made by Caroline Lippitt with the help of ChatGPT, and was created using images of the Tres Tractatus manuscript posted on Flickr by the Bibliotheek Kortrijk.
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Wendy R. Childs. Vita Edwardi Secundi, rev. ed.. Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
Childs’s transcription and translation of the Vita Edwardi was taken from a transcription created in 1729 by Thomas Hearne, which is now housed in the Bodleian Library, Rawlinson MS B. 180. The original manuscript, created by an anonymous author around 1325, was lost after Hearne’s copy was created. This translation was created by Caroline Lippitt by referencing Wendy Child’s translation, ChatGPT, and the online Latin dictionary Whitaker’s Words.
Denis Murphy, ed., at: Being Annals of Ireland from the Earliest Period to A. D. 1408 (Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 1896).
The original Annals of Clonmacnoise have been lost, but not before they were translated into English by Conall Mageoghagan in 1627. Mageoghagan’s translation has since been lost, but several copies of it survive. The copy F. 3,19, which resides in the Library of Trinity College, was used to make Dennis Murphy’s 1896 copy.
Þe Simonie- Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, NLS Adv MS 19.2.1, 1330’s, ff.328r-334v. https://auchinleck.nls.uk/mss/simonie.html.
The Auchinleck Manuscript, which contains Þe Simonie, is housed at the National Library of Scotland, where both transcriptions and photos of its contents have been posted online.
Annales Londonienses- Stubbs, William, ed. Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. (Rolls Series, vol. 76, pts. 1 & 2) (London, 1882-83).